Method of forming mosfet structure

ABSTRACT

A method of forming a MOSFET structure is provided. In the method, an epitaxial layer is formed. A cap layer is formed above the epitaxial layer. A first trench is formed above the epitaxial layer. A protection layer is deposited within the first trench. The protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to semiconductor technology, and more particularly, a method of forming a MOSFET structure.

BACKGROUND

During formation of a FinFET structure, a source/drain portion including a cap layer and an epitaxial layer may be hurt by several etching processes. If the source/drain portion is hurt, after a gate metal layer is formed within the FinFET structure, a silicon fin of the FinFET structure may be in direct contact with an epitaxial silicon definition layer of the Fin structure. Therefore, leakage of the gate metal layer may be introduced, and operation failure may occur because of the leakage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-5 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure during formation of the FinFET structure.

FIGS. 6-14 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure during formation of the FinFET structure according to a first embodiment.

FIGS. 15-17 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure during formation of the FinFET structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method of forming a MOSFET structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1-5 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure 100 during formation of the FinFET structure 100.

In FIG. 1, the FinFET structure 100 initially includes a first photoresist layer 110, a second photoresist layer 120, an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer 130, a bottom photoresist layer 140, a gate layer 160, a substrate layer 150, a cap layer 170, and an epitaxial layer 180. A source/drain portion of the FinFET structure 100 includes the cap layer 170 and the epitaxial layer 180. A tri-layer photoresist technique may be employed to form the first photoresist layer 110, the second photoresist layer 120 and the bottom photoresist layer 140, wherein the first photoresist layer 110 may be formed of a mixture of a photoresist material and silicon, the second photoresist layer 120 may be formed of a photoresist material, and the bottom photoresist layer 140 may be formed of polymer. The term “bottom” of the bottom photoresist layer 140 refers to a relative position with respect to the first photoresist layer 110 and the second photoresist layer 120, and does not limit scopes of the claims.

The gate layer 160 may include three exemplary gate portions, including a first gate 165, a second gate 175, and a third gate 185. The first gate 165 includes a first metal portion 166, a first gate ceiling 167, a first gate bottom 171, a first left-side spacer 168, and a first right-side spacer 169. The second gate 175 includes a second metal portion 176, a second gate ceiling 177, a second gate bottom 181, a second left-side spacer 178, and a second right-side spacer 179. The third gate 185 includes a third metal portion 186, a third gate ceiling 187, a third gate bottom 191, a third left-side spacer 188, and a third right-side spacer 189.

The first gate ceiling 167, the second gate ceiling 177, and the third gate ceiling 187 may consist essentially of silicon nitride.

The FinFET structure 100 may further include a shallow trench isolation (STI) layer 195 for isolation. The STI layer 195 is interposed between the first gate 165 and the second gate 175.

In FIG. 2, a first etching process is performed. The second photoresist layer 120 is substantially etched. Part of the first photoresist layer 110 and part of the bottom photoresist layer 140 are also substantially etched following a pattern of the second photoresist layer 120 for forming a first trench 210. Part of the ILD layer 130 is exposed in the first etching process.

An etchant utilized in the first etching process may have a high selectivity with the ILD layer 130.

In FIG. 3, a second etching process is performed. The first photoresist layer 110 is substantially etched. Part of the bottom photoresist layer 140 within the first trench 210 and the cap layer 170 are substantially etched to form a second trench 310. An exposed portion of the ILD layer 130 is substantially etched. An etchant used in the second etching process may have a similar selectivity with the ILD layer 130, the bottom photoresist layer 140, and the second gate ceiling.

As can be observed in FIG. 3, since the cap layer 170 is substantially etched, the epitaxial layer 180 is not substantially covered and protected by the cap layer 170 in the following processes.

In FIG. 4, a third etching process is performed. The second gate ceiling and part of the second right-side spacer protecting the second gate ceiling are substantially etched. An etchant used in the third etching process may have a high selectivity with the ILD layer 130 and the epitaxial layer 180.

In FIG. 5, a fourth etching process is performed. The bottom photoresist layer 140 previously above the ILD layer 130 is substantially etched. An etchant used in the fourth etching process may have a high selectivity with the ILD layer 130 and the epitaxial layer 180.

Since the epitaxial layer 180 is exposed since the second etching process, the epitaxial layer 180 may be significantly damaged in following process. As a result, it may affect operations of the FinFET structure 100.

FIGS. 6-14 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure 600 during formation of the FinFET structure 600 according to a first embodiment.

In FIG. 6, the FinFET structure 600 initially includes an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer 630, a gate layer 660, a substrate layer 650, a cap layer 670, and an epitaxial layer 680. A source/drain portion of the FinFET structure 600 includes the cap layer 670 and the epitaxial layer 680. A first trench 690 is formed by patterning the ILD layer 630, and is above the cap layer 670 and the epitaxial layer 680.

In one example, the cap layer 670 may consist essentially of silicon, and the epitaxial layer 680 may consist essentially of silicon-germanium.

The gate layer 660 may include three exemplary gate portions, including a first gate 665, a second gate 675, and a third gate 685. The first gate 665 includes a first metal portion 666, a first gate ceiling 667, a first gate bottom 671, a first left-side spacer 668, and a first right-side spacer 669. The second gate 675 includes a second metal portion 676, a second gate ceiling 677, a second gate bottom 681, a second left-side spacer 678, and a second right-side spacer 679. The third gate 685 includes a third metal portion 686, a third gate ceiling 687, a third gate bottom 691, a third left-side spacer 688, and a third right-side spacer 689.

The first gate ceiling 667, the second gate ceiling 677, and the third gate ceiling 687 may consist essentially of silicon nitride.

The FinFET structure 600 may further include a STI layer 695 for isolation. The STI layer 695 is interposed between the first gate 665 and the second gate 675.

In FIG. 7 a protection layer 710 is formed within the first trench 690 for protecting the cap layer 670 and the epitaxial layer 680. In some examples, a material of the protection layer 710 may be germanium or silicon-germanium, so that the protection layer 710 is capable of withstanding some following-mentioned etching processes.

In an example, the protection layer 710 may protrude out of the trench 690. In FIG. 8, an additional chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) may be utilized for planarizing a protruding portion of the protection layer 690.

In FIG. 9, a bottom photoresist layer 940 is formed above the protection layer 710 and the ILD layer 630. A first photoresist layer 910 is formed above the bottom photoresist layer 940. A second photoresist layer 920 is formed above the first photoresist layer 910.

In one example, the first photoresist layer 910 may consist essentially of silicon and PR mixture.

In FIG. 10, a first etching process is performed. The second photoresist layer 920 is substantially etched to pattern the bottom photoresist layer 940 and the first photoresist layer 910 for forming a second trench 1010. A first portion of the ILD layer 630 and a first portion of the protection layer 710 may be in direct contact with the second trench 1010.

In one example, an etchant used in the first etching process may have a high selectivity with the ILD layer 630. In another example, the etchant used in the first etching process may be gas selected from the group consisting of N₂/H₂-mixed gas, O₂ gas, CO₂ gas, CO gas, SO₂ gas, and etc.

In FIG. 11, a second etching process is performed. The first photoresist layer 910, part of the ILD layer 630, and part of the protection layer 710 are substantially etched to form a third trench 1110. A second portion of the protection layer 710 may be in direct contact with the third trench 1110.

In one example, an etchant used in the second etching process may be CF₄/CHF₃-mixed gas.

In FIG. 12, a third etching process is performed. The bottom photoresist layer 940 is substantially etched.

In one example, an etchant used in the third etching process is O₂ gas, or N₂/H₂-mixed gas, CO₂ gas, CO gas, SO₂ gas, and etc.

In FIG. 13, a fourth etching process is performed. The protection layer 710 is substantially etched to form a fourth trench 1310.

In a first example, the fourth etching process is a dry etching process.

In a second example, the fourth etching process is a wet etching process.

In a third example, an etchant used in the fourth etching process is sulfuric peroxide mixture (SPM).

In a fourth example, the etchant used in the fourth etching process is ammonia peroxide mixture (APM).

In FIG. 14, a fifth etching process is performed. Part of the first gate ceiling and the second gate ceiling are removed.

Since the cap layer 670 is protected by sacrificing the protection layer 710, the epitaxial layer 680 can still be protected by the protection layer 670. As a result, the epitaxial layer 680 can be alleviated from being damaged in following processes, and operational accuracy of the FinFET structure 600 can be preserved.

FIGS. 15-17 illustrate cross-sectional views of a FinFET structure 1500 during formation of the FinFET structure 1500 according to a second embodiment.

In FIG. 15, the FinFET structure 1500 initially includes an ILD layer 1530, a gate layer 1560, a substrate layer 1550, a cap layer 1570, and an epitaxial layer 1580. A source/drain portion of the FinFET structure 1500 includes the cap layer 1570 and the epitaxial layer 1580. A first trench 1594 is formed by patterning the ILD layer 1530, and is above the cap layer 1570 and the epitaxial layer 1580.

The gate layer 1560 may include three exemplary gate portions, including a first gate 1565, a second gate 1575, and a third gate 1585.

The FinFET structure 1500 may further include a STI layer 1595 for isolation. The STI layer 1595 is interposed between the first gate 1565 and the second gate 1575.

Unlike forming a protruding protection layer 710 in FIG. 7, a concave-topped protection layer 1597 is formed within the first trench 1594, as shown in FIG. 15.

In FIG. 16, an bottom photoresist layer 1640 is formed above the protection layer 1597 and the ILD layer 1530. A first photoresist layer 1610 is formed above the bottom photoresist layer 1640. A second photoresist layer 1620 is formed above the first photoresist layer 1610.

In FIG. 17, the second photoresist layer 1620 is substantially etched to pattern the bottom photoresist layer 1640 and the first photoresist layer 1610 for forming a second trench 1710.

After substantially etching the first photoresist layer 1610, part of the ILD layer 1530, and part of the protection layer 1597, the formation of the FinFET structure 1500 will be the same as shown in FIG. 12. The following processes to be performed on the FinFET structure 1500 are also the same as shown in FIGS. 13-14.

Therefore, the FinFET structure 1500 may also alleviate the epitaxial layer 1580 from being damaged in processes before the completion of forming the FinFET structure 1500.

FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method of forming a MOSFET structure. The method includes the following stages: forming an epitaxial layer (1802); forming a cap layer above the epitaxial layer (1804); forming a first trench above the epitaxial layer (1806); depositing a protection layer within the first trench (1808); forming a bottom photoresist layer above the protection layer and the ILD layer (1810); forming a first photoresist layer above the bottom photoresist layer (1812); forming a second photoresist layer above the first photoresist layer (1814); substantially etching the second photoresist layer to pattern the bottom photoresist layer and the first photoresist layer for forming a second trench (1816); substantially etching the first photoresist layer, the first portion of the ILD layer, and the first portion of the protection layer to form a third trench (1818); substantially etching the bottom photoresist layer (1820). Substantially etch the second portion of the protection layer (1822).

This disclosure teaches a method of forming a MOSFET structure. In the method, an epitaxial layer is formed. A cap layer is formed above the epitaxial layer. A first trench is formed above the epitaxial layer. A protection layer is deposited within the first trench. The protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.

This disclosure also teaches a MOSFET structure. The MOSFET structure includes an epitaxial layer, a cap layer, and a protection layer. The cap layer is formed above the epitaxial layer. The protection layer is deposited within a first trench of the MOSFET structure above the epitaxial layer. The protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.

This disclosure also teaches another method of forming a MOSFET structure. In this method, an epitaxial layer is formed. A cap layer is formed above the epitaxial layer. An ILD layer of the MOSFET structure is patterned to form a first trench above the epitaxial layer. A protection layer is deposited within the first trench. An bottom photoresist layer is formed above the protection layer and the ILD layer. A first photoresist layer is formed above the bottom photoresist layer. A second photoresist layer is formed above the first photoresist layer. The protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.

This written description uses examples to disclose embodiments of the disclosure, include the best mode, and also to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use various embodiments of the disclosure. The patentable scope of the disclosure may include other examples that occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize that the various embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other replacement and/or additional methods, materials, or components. Well-known structures, materials, or operations may not be shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of various embodiments of the disclosure. Various embodiments shown in the figures are illustrative example representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Various additional layers and/or structures may be included and/or described features may be omitted in other embodiments. Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the disclosure. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in the order of presentation. Operations described herein may be performed in a different order, in series or in parallel, than the described embodiments. Various additional operations may be performed and/or described. Operations may be omitted in additional embodiments.

This written description and the following claims may include terms, such as left, right, top, bottom, over, under, upper, lower, first, second, etc. that are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting. For example, terms designating relative vertical position may refer to a situation where a device side (or active surface) of a substrate or integrated circuit is the “top” surface of that substrate; the substrate may actually be in any orientation so that a “top” side of a substrate may be lower than the “bottom” side in a standard terrestrial frame of reference and may still fall within the meaning of the term “top.” The term “on” as used herein (including in the claims) may not indicate that a first layer “on” a second layer is directly on and in immediate contact with the second layer unless such is specifically stated; there may be a third layer or other structure between the first layer and the second layer on the first layer. As an example, the structures, layouts, materials, operations, voltage levels, or current levels related to “source” and “drain” described herein (including in the claims) may be interchangeable as a result of transistors with “source” and “drain” being symmetrical devices. The term “substrate” may refer to any construction comprising one or more semiconductive materials, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive materials such as a semiconductive wafer (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials thereon), and semiconductive material layers (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials). The embodiments of a device or article described herein can be manufactured, used, or shipped in a number of positions and orientations. Persons skilled in the art will recognize various equivalent combinations and substitutions for various components shown in the figures. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming a MOSFET structure, comprising: forming an epitaxial layer; forming a cap layer above the epitaxial layer; forming a first trench above the epitaxial layer; and depositing a protection layer within the first trench, wherein the protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process on the protection layer.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming the first trench above the epitaxial layer comprises: patterning an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer of the MOSFET structure to form the first trench.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: forming a bottom photoresist layer above the protection layer and the ILD layer; forming a first photoresist layer above the bottom photoresist layer; and forming a second photoresist layer above the first photoresist layer.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: substantially etching the second photoresist layer to pattern the bottom photoresist layer and the first photoresist layer for forming a second trench.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the substantially etching the second photoresist layer to pattern the bottom photoresist layer and the first photoresist layer for forming the second trench comprises substantially etching the second photoresist layer to pattern the bottom photoresist layer and the first photoresist layer for forming the second trench using gas selected from the group consisting of N₂/H₂-mixed gas, O₂ gas, and CO₂ gas.
 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: substantially etching the first photoresist layer, the first portion of the ILD layer, and the first portion of the protection layer to form a third trench.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the substantially etching the first photoresist layer, the first portion of the ILD layer, and the first portion of the protection layer to form the third trench comprises substantially etching the first photoresist layer, the first portion of the ILD layer, and the first portion of the protection layer to form the third trench using CF₄/CHF₃-mixed gas.
 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: substantially etching the bottom photoresist layer.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the substantially etching the bottom photoresist layer comprises substantially etching the bottom photoresist layer using O₂ gas, or N₂/H₂-mixed gas, CO₂ gas, CO gas, SO₂ gas, and etc.
 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising: substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer comprises substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer using dry etching.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer comprises substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer using wet etching.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer comprises substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer using a sulfuric peroxide mixture (SPM).
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the substantially etching the second portion of the protection layer using an ammonia peroxide mixture (APM).
 16. A MOSFET structure, comprising: an epitaxial layer; a cap layer formed above the epitaxial layer; and a protection layer deposited within a first trench of the MOSFET structure above the epitaxial layer, wherein the protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium.
 17. The MOSFET structure of claim 16, further comprising: an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer patterned on the MOSFET structure to form the first trench; a bottom photoresist layer formed above the protection layer and the ILD layer; a first photoresist layer formed above the bottom photoresist layer; and a second photoresist layer formed above the first photoresist layer.
 18. The MOSFET structure of claim 17, wherein the first photoresist layer is formed using silicon and PR mixture.
 19. The MOSFET structure of claim 17, wherein the epitaxial layer is formed using silicon-germanium, and the cap layer is formed using silicon.
 20. A method of forming a MOSFET structure, comprising: forming an epitaxial layer; forming a cap layer above the epitaxial layer; patterning an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer of the MOSFET structure to form a first trench above the epitaxial layer; depositing a protection layer within the first trench; forming a bottom photoresist layer above the protection layer and the ILD layer; forming a first photoresist layer above the bottom photoresist layer; and forming a second photoresist layer above the first photoresist layer, wherein the protection layer is a material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon-germanium. 